1歳6ヶ月児をもつ夫婦の性役割分業観と母親のメンタルヘルスとの関連

Abstract

本研究の目的は、1歳6ヶ月児を育てている夫婦の性役割分業観と、母親のメンタルヘルスとの関連を明らかにすることである。1歳6ヶ月児を育てている夫婦627組を対象に、無記名自記式質問紙調査を行った。夫婦ともに揃って回収された304組のうち、252組を分析対象とした。母親のメンタルヘルスに関連する要因には、母親の「主観的健康観」、「経済的な満足度」、「休日の家事時間」、「休日の睡眠時間」、「父親の育児支援行動得点」、「夫婦関係の満足度J、「児の特性」、父親の「休日・平日の睡眠時間」、「夫婦関係の満足度」があった。一方、夫婦の性役割分業観は、母親のメンタルヘルスに関連していないことが明らかになった。ロジスティック回帰分析の結果、母親のメンタルヘルスに最も関連していたのは、母親の「主観的健康観」と「児の特性」で、あった。母親のメンタルヘルスを向上させるためには、母親自身の健康管理への支援と、児の特性に関する情報提供のような、夫婦に応じた個別的な支援が必要であることが示唆された。

The aim of the present study was to examine the association between gender role attitucles toward the division of labor among couples raising 18-month-old children and the mental health status of mothers. An anonymous, self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted on 627 couples raising 18-month-old children. Of the questionnaires collected from 304 couples (both husbands and wives), data from 252 were used in the analysis. The factors associated with the mental health status of mothers were as follows: i) the mothers' “subjective Perspective on health", “financial satisfaction", "time spent on household duties on days off", hours of sleep during days off", "performance score of fathers providing child-rearing support", “satisfaction in the marital relationship" and the "child's attributes"; and ii) the fathers' “hours of sleep during weekdays and days off" and “satisfaction in the marital relationship". On the other hand, gender role attitudes toward the division of labor were not associated with the mental health status of mothers. The results of a logistic regression analysis revealed that mothers' “subjective perspective on health" and the "child's attributes" were the factors most strongly associated with the mental health status of mothers. The results of the present study suggest that to improve the mental health status of mothers, individualized support for couples that supports the self-health management of mothers and provides information about children's attributes is needed.